AbstractThe following sections are included:Systemic Risk and the Financial Crisis of 2007 to 2009Regulating Systemic RiskObstacle 1: Measuring Systemic RiskObstacle 2: Implementing the Tax on Systemic RiskObstacle 3: Is Moral Hazard Solved?The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer...

We model the demand-pressure effect on prices when options cannot be perfectly hedged. The model shows that demand pressure in one option contract increases its price by an amount proportional to the variance of the unhedgeable part of the option. Similarly, the demand pressure increases the...

This paper studies equilibrium asset pricing with liquidity risk - the risk arising from unpredictable changes in liquidity over time. It is shown that a security's required return depends on its expected illiquidity and on the covariances of its own return and illiquidity with market return and...

This paper provides a model of the interaction between risk-management practices and market liquidity. On one hand, tighter risk management reduces the maximum position an institution can take, thus the amount of liquidity it can offer to the market. On the other hand, risk managers can take...

We study three cases in which specialized arbitrageurs lost significant amounts of capital and, as a result, became liquidity demanders rather than providers. The effects on security markets were large and persistent: Prices dropped relative to fundamentals and the rebound took months. While...