elite in contemporary Indonesia operates in a setting with a higher degree of fluidity and uncertainty. This study sheds … light on how the changes to the political landscape in Indonesia have affected the business elite. This is done by tracing … the relationship between business and politics throughout history from the colonial period up to contemporary Indonesia …

obtain an image of the characteristics of politically connected firms and of the politicians connected to them. Our results … show that the majority of listed companies are politically connected and politicians, in some cases, are involved with … observed groups. Concerning to the politicians serving on the board of directors and supervisory board, this paper shows that …

The paper argues that for political reasons elected politicians are more likely to be engaged in targeted … redistribution than appointed bureaucrats. It uses the example of patronage jobs in the U.S. local governments to provide empirical … the case of politicians, which is consistent with younger bureaucrats having stronger career concerns. …