This paper tests the opportunity-cost theory on the long-run effects of business cycles using a panel of Spanish firms during the period 1991--2010. Under this theory, the <italic>share</italic> of productivity-enhancing activities (PEAs), such as R&D investment or on-the-job training, relative to production...

We have constructed a new database aimed at the study of the relation between firm demography and labour productivity, with a large number of Spanish firms from both industry and service sectors. This database allows us to analyze in detail the degree of dispersion and persistence of...

This paper tests the opportunity-cost theory using a panel of Spanish firms during the period 1991-2010. Under this theory, productivity-enhancing activities, such as R&D investment, should increase during downturns because of the fall in their relative cost – in terms of forgone output –....

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