The author analyzes the determinants of manufactured exports in Africa and other developing countries, guided by three … pivotal views on Sub-Saharan Africa's (Africa's) prospects in manufactured exports: * Adrian Woods holds that Africa cannot … have comparative advantage in exports of labor-intensive manufactures (even if broadly defined to include raw material …

This paper analyzes the welfare effects of raising tariffs on inputs, complemented by duty drawbacks on exports, in a … drawbacks on exports works like a production tax at different rates on goods using the input. The effect of such a tariff on …, a tariff on the input accompanied by a duty drawback on exports is equivalent to a production tax on the final import …

shares for its major export products, which, in turn, were of declining relative importance in world trade; and (2) it was …In the mid-1950s sub-Saharan Africa accounted for 3.1 percent of global exports. By 1990 this share had fallen to 1 … world trade. If Africa had merely retained its 1962-64 OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development) market …

Exports in the Middle Eastern countries should increase from $800 million to $900 million as a result of the tariff … main Middle Eastern export--which generally faces zero or low tariffs--is unaffected by the Uruguay Round reductions. Egypt …'s projected gains (about $20 million, or under 0.5 percent of total exports) are concentrated largely in agricultural exports to …

imposed under the Multifiber Arrangement (MFA) will be phased out over 10 years, and all"voluntary"export restraints will be …. Agreement was also reached on limiting subsidies and other agricultural export incentives. As a result, the profile of OECD … nontariff protection Africa faces will change dramatically. Formerly, about 11 percent of all sub-Saharan Africa exports …

, such as import subsidies, export taxes, state-trading monopolies, and domestic policies that implicitly tax agriculture. …

and generalized system of preferences (GSP) rates, are applied to their exports. Other OECD countries normally apply GSP … duties, or even more advantageous"least developed"country preferences to African exports. The proposed Uruguay Round … reductions in MFN tariffs will erode those tariff preference margins and cause some African exports to be displaced by other …