In considering pathways to industrialization in the twenty-first century, cognisance needs to be taken of the fact that … many countries have actually been deindustrializing. This paper analyses deindustrialization experiences internationally …, by decomposing changes in the level and share of manufacturing employment. The results indicate that in most countries …

The decline of manufacturing in OECD countries and job implications has been a long-time concern. Recently, policy … manufacturing – the increase in use, produce and sales of services. However, servicification of firms and its role for foreign trade … exported services are key for the competitiveness of today’s manufacturing firms and their participation in international value …

I document a significant deindustrialization trend in recent decades, that goes considerably beyond the advanced, post …-industrial economies. The hump-shaped relationship between industrialization (measured by employment or output shares) and incomes has … shifted downwards and moved closer to the origin. This means countries are running out of industrialization opportunities …