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Habemus Papam ?Polarization and Conflict in the Papal States
Pino, Francisco; Vidal-Robert, Jordi - European Centre for Advanced Research in Economics and … - 2014
,and construct measures of polarization and fractionalization based on the cardinals’places of birth. The deaths of popes and … cardinals provide plausible exogenousvariation in the timing of the conclave and the composition of the Collegeof Cardinals …, which we exploit to analyze the causal effect of a divided conclaveon conflict. We find that an increase of one standard …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010764951
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Ottoman Conquests and European Ecclesiastical Pluralism
Iyigun, Murat - Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) - 2006
rivals of a different affiliation. The overall patterns of conflict in continental Europe as well as those between the …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005762252
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Nine protestants are to be esteemed worth ten catholics. Representing religion, labour and economic performance in pre-Industrial Europe, c.1650 - c.1800.
Lambrecht, Thijs A. - Volkswirtschaftliche Fakultät, … - 2001
Religion was one of the factors that was frequently identified by seventeenth- and eighteenth-century economists as exerting an important influence on the pre-industrial European economies. These writers were especially interested in the economic effects of the Reformation on the economic...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10009325674
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Persistent Antimarket Culture: A Legacy of the Pale of Settlement after the Holocaust
Grosfeld, Irena; Rodnyansky, Alexander; Zhuravskaya, … - In: American Economic Journal: Economic Policy 5 (2013) 3, pp. 189-226
We estimate long-term effects of Jewish presence in Europe before World War II, using discontinuity at the border of the "Pale of Settlement" area where Jews were allowed to live in the Russian Empire. Current residents of the Pale have lower support for market, and are less entrepreneurial but...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010684340
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Married to Intolerance: Attitudes toward Intermarriage in Germany, 1900-2006
Voigtländer, Nico; Voth, Hans-Joachim - In: American Economic Review 103 (2013) 3, pp. 79-85
We analyze under what conditions intermarriage can be used as an indicator of tolerance, and whether such tolerant attitudes persisted in Germany during the twentieth century. We find strong evidence for the persistence of tolerant attitudes towards intermarriage with Jews. At the same time, our...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010659348
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From the Persecuting to the Protective State? Jewish Expulsions and Weather Shocks from 1100 to 1800
Anderson, R. Warren; Johnson, Noel D; Koyama, Mark - Volkswirtschaftliche Fakultät, … - 2013
What factors caused the persecution of minorities in medieval and early modern Europe? We build a model that predicts that minority communities were more likely to be expropriated in the wake of negative income shocks. We then use panel data consisting of 785 city-level expulsions of Jews from...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10011112726
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Monotheism (From a Sociopolitical and Economic Perspective)
Iyigun, Murat F. - Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) - 2007
The Axial Age, which lasted between 800 B. C. E. and 200 B. C. E., covers an era in which the spiritual foundations of humanity were laid simultaneously and independently in various geographic areas, and all three major monotheisms of Judaism, Christianity and Islam were born between 1200 B. C....
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005762170
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Education Promoted Secularization
Becker, Sascha O.; Nagler, Markus; Woessmann, Ludger - CESifo - 2014
Why did substantial parts of Europe abandon the institutionalized churches around 1900? Empirical studies using modern data mostly contradict the traditional view that education was a leading source of the seismic social phenomenon of secularization. We construct a unique panel dataset of...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010752162
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Education Promoted Secularization
Becker, Sascha O.; Nagler, Markus; Woessmann, Ludger - Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) - 2014
Why did substantial parts of Europe abandon the institutionalized churches around 1900? Empirical studies using modern data mostly contradict the traditional view that education was a leading source of the seismic social phenomenon of secularization. We construct a unique panel dataset of...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010752231
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Education Promoted Secularization
Becker, Sascha O.; Nagler, Markus; Woessmann, Ludger - Verein für Socialpolitik - VfS - 2014
Why did substantial parts of Europe abandon the institutionalized churches around 1900? Empirical studies using modern data mostly contradict the traditional view that education was a leading source of the seismic social phenomenon of secularization. We construct a unique panel dataset of...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10011196370