The typical portrait of monetary policy has the banks and the money supply being manipulated through changes in bank … reserves. However, with only a small portion of bank deposits now subject to reserve requirements, an alternative explanation … requirements for monetary policy. In particular, we identify a "bank balance-sheet channel" of monetary policy, which operates …

policy surprises, we do not detect clear effects of monetary easing on bank stock valuation but find a deterioration of … medium-term bank credit risk in the United States, the euro area, and the United Kingdom. Second, in panel regressions using … U.S. banks’ balance sheet information, we show that bank profitability and risk taking are ambiguously affected, while …

credit growth experienced by these countries. We find that, on average, both bank capitalization and lending activities in …