One may probe coherence of a qubit by periodically sweeping its control parameter. The qubit is then excited by the Landau-Zener (LZ) mechanism. The interference between multiple LZ transitions leads to an oscillatory dependence of the energy absorption rate on the sweeping amplitude and on the...

The article considers the main stages in the evolution of the Russian financial development institutions in the past decade and a half, models and conditions for their activities, and the main results. The authors analyze features of the current development institutions system as a whole, its...