Since National and public research and development institutions, including those that are set up under the Act on General Rules for Independent Administrative Agency, are funded by taxation, they are in-creasingly required to contribute research outcomes to society. Society’s needs for...

The history of research grants for young scientists in Japan is brief, and it is vital that we understand the conditions faced by young research scientists in Japan as we consider the necessity of upgrading research grants for the future. We used the results of a 2001 survey of scientists in...