We examine the association between real earnings management and the cost of new bond issues of U.S. corporations. We consider three types of real earnings management: sales manipulation, overproduction, and the abnormal reduction of discretionary expenditures. We find that overproduction impairs...

This study examines the effects of idiosyncratic risk of a family firm on its credit risk and tests the relationship between credit risk and accrual or real earnings management under the condition of idiosyncratic risk. Findings indicate that debt financing and equity financing activities...

Although progress has been made in strengthening the Swiss economy, systemic risks posed by large banks as well as revisions to the macroprudential framework are still in train. The authorities welcomed the too-big-to-fail (TBTF) legislation and intervention of the Swiss National Bank (SNB) on...

This paper presents Detailed Assessment of the United States’s observance of Basel Core Principles for Effective Banking Supervision. The U.S. financial system is large and highly diversified. At the end-2007, total U.S. financial assets amounted to almost four and a half times the size...

The design of the German banking supervision framework is structurally sound, with a robust legislative and operational framework that largely complies with the Basel Core Principles for effective banking supervision (BCP). Various improvements to the German supervisory framework have been...

This paper presents the report on observance of standards and codes (ROSC) for the financial sector prepared in connection with the financial sector assessment program (FSAP). The FSAP covers the Basel Core Principles for effective banking, the International Association of Insurance Supervisors...

The Basel Committee on Banking Supervision has proposed linking capital requirements for bank loans to ratings by commercial credit rating agencies. Estimates for 20 emerging market economies show that sovereign ratings react procyclically to crisis indicators. Ratings deteriorate if the real...

This paper assesses the financial sector regulation and supervision in Bermuda in the context of the offshore financial center assessment program. The assessment reveals that the financial, regulatory, and supervisory framework is well developed in banking, the key areas of securities...

This paper considers the implementation challenges facing the Basel Committee’s new proposals on bank capital standards. When compared with the existing Capital Accord, the proposals represent a shift across two intersecting dimensions—regulatory versus economic capital, and rules-based...