The purpose of this essay is to outline the evolution of inequality in the post-World War II period and the causes shaping that evolution.  The starting proposition of the essay is that both inequality and the social tolerance of inequality have substantially increased almost everywhere over...

In diesem Beitrag wird der obere Rand der Einkommens· und Vermögensverteilung in Deutschland mit Daten des Sozio·oekonomischen Panels (SOEP) analysiert. In Anlehnung an das von Sen (1976) für die Armutsmessung vorgeschlagene Vorgehen werden zunächst unterschiedliche Schwellenwerte...

This paper applies econometric estimation methods to improve the level of precision and detail in the measurement of welfare in Mexico, and specifically to estimate household incomes. As is the case in other countries, Mexico has had, on the one hand, household surveys that provide high...

In this paper we analyze the upper edge of income and wealth distribution in Germany with data from the German Socio-Economic Panel (GSOEP). According to Sen´s (1976) recommendation for the poverty measurement, we first define different thresholds above which a person belongs to the rich part...

Over 2013, the population’s real disposable income rose by 3.3%. The salary level in the budget-funded sphere was being raised at a high rate – which, however, proved to be insufficient to meet the targets set in the President of the Russian Federation's Executive Order of 7 May 2012, No....

Rapid economic growth early in the 2000s was accompanied by high growth rates in personal income. Personal real income grew up by 2.5 times as inequality increased insignificantly (Gini index was 0.42 in 2011 against 0.4 in 2000). In the first decade of the 21st century, the subsistence minimum...

A microeconomic model is developed, which accurately predicts the shape of personal income distribution (PID) in the United States and the evolution of the shape over time. The underlying concept is borrowed from geo-mechanics and thus can be considered as mechanics of income distribution. The...