-sector employment rates or unemployment rates on two measures of public-sector employment point to full crowding out. This means that …We quantify the extent to which public-sector employment crowds out private-sector employment using specially assembled … Middle East, North Africa, Caucasus and Central Asia. These countries simultaneously display high unemployment rates, low …

analyse the size and cyclicality of the flows between employment, unemployment and inactivity. I also examine job-to-job flows …, employment separations by reason, flows between inactivity and the labour force, flows into and out of public sector employment … unemployment rate. Although the job-finding rate has been more relevant over the past ten years, the job-separation rate was …

employment, unemployment and inactivity, from several angles. I examine aggregate conditional transition probabilities, job …-to-job flows, employment separations by reason, flows between inactivity and the labour force and flows by education. I decompose … contributions of job-finding and job-separation rates to fluctuations in the unemployment rate. Over the past cycle, the job …

Botswana. The IMF report analyzes that large public employment significantly affect labor market outcomes in middle …