that privatisation process has led to a huge capital investment increase. Fifty-nine points of uncertainty for investors in … 2001 is resulting from wars, political and social instability and corruption. This paper suggests some solutions to attract … and increase foreign investment. Some reforms are needed to improve governance, reduce corruption, respect for laws, and …

We study the effects of corruption on the capital structures of firms in 72 countries. Using the Corruption Perception … Index, we show that corruption increases the costs of debt and equity. Interestingly, as the level of corruption decreases …, these costs become more sensitive to changes in corruption. Similarly, the capital structure adjustment speeds exhibit a non …

risk issues remain open to interpretations, especially in the context of economic crisis. The situation the world economy …It is widely accepted that risk is a constant of the human activity in general. From this perspective, the expansion of … business across country borders requires identification, assessment and brief analysis of the overall risk that operators would …

This paper presents an index of institutionalized social technologies covering its two main dimensions namely Risk …

types of political risk, like expropriation, corruption and confiscatory taxation, and In our theoretical analysis we find …This paper investigates how multinational firms choose their capital structure in response to political risk. We focus … that as political risk increases the ownership share always decreases whereas leverage can both increase or decrease …

distinguish different types of political risk, such as expropriation, corruption and confiscatory taxation. In our theoretical … political risk. We focus on two choice variables, the leverage and the ownership structure of the foreign affiliate, and we … analysis we find that, as political risk increases, the ownership share always decreases, whereas leverage can both increase or …