Not only in time of its foundation but also in the historic retrospection are the Landschaften, especially the Silesian Landschaft, attributed with considerable success in the allocation of agricultural real-estate loans. This attribution results mainly from the enormous credit volumes that were...

We survey the theory of banking regulation from the general perspective of regulatory theory. Starting by considering the different justifications of financial intermediation, we proceed to identify the market failures that make banking regulation necessary. We then succinctly compare how the...

The financial revolution improved the British government’s ability to borrow, and thus its ability to wage war. North andWeingast argued that it also permitted private parties to borrow more cheaply and widely.We test these inferences with evidence from a London bank.We confirm that private...

Banking sector reforms, which is a major component of Macroeconomic Adjustment Programme in India, has changed the trends and patterns of banking over the last six to seven years. This paper seeks to analyse the trends in credit deployment by industry, by bank group, by rural and urban areas,...

From 1980 to 2004, the number of personal bankruptcy filings in the United States increased more than five-fold, from 288,000 to 1.5 million per year. Lenders responded to the high filing rate with a major lobbying campaign for bankruptcy reform that led to the adoption in 2005 of the Bankruptcy...

This paper tests for the presence of depositors' discipline by households and examines the impact of revisions of the deposit insurance system, changes in the financial condition of the banking sector as a whole, and household characteristics on the extent of depositors' discipline using...

This Paper studies the determinants of mergers and acquisitions around the world during the 1990s by focusing on differences in laws and regulation across countries. We find that the volume of M&A activity and the premium paid are significantly larger in countries with better investor...

Capital flight associated with the onset of a financial crisis in a country is often accompanied by an inflow of capital associated with foreign direct investment (FDI). Our paper provides a theoretical framework for this puzzle, and draws wider conclusions on the welfare effects of foreign...

The Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (BCBS) has defined operational risk (OR) as the risk of loss resulting from inadequate or failed internal processes, people and systems from external events. This definition includes legal risk, but excludes strategic and reputational risk....