This paper surveys the literatures on numerical methods from its origins to present to evaluate American-style claims. An extensive review of numerical meth- ods is provided. In particular, emphases is placed on recent trends and developments in the multi-grid and Galerkin method with the...

The twin brothers Libor Market and Gaussian HJM models are investigated. A simple exotic option, floor on composition, is studied. The same explicit approach is used for both models. Using an approximation the LLM price is obtained without Monte Carlo simulation. The results of the approximation...

Binomial lattices are sequences of discrete distributions commonly used to approximate the future value states of a financial claim, such as a stock price, when the instantaneous rate of return is assumed to be governed by a Wiener diffusion process. In that case, both pedagogical and...

Recently there has been some interest in the credit risk literature in models which involve stopping times related to excursions. The classical Black-Scholes-Merton-Cox approach postulates that default may occur, either at or before maturity, when the firm's value process falls below a critical...

Stochastic flows and their Jacobians are used to show why, when the short rate process is described by Gaussian dynamics, (as in the Vasicek or Hull-White models), or square root, affine (Bessel) processes, (as in the Cox-Ingersoll-Ross, or Duffie-Kan models), the bond price is an exponential...

For a Markov process $x_t$, the forward measure $P^T$ over the time interval $[0,T]$ is defined by the Radon-Nikodym derivative $dP^T/dP = M\exp(-\int_0^Tc(x_s)ds)$, where $c$ is a given non-negative function and $M$ is the normalizing constant. In this paper, the law of $x_t$ under the forward...

The Finite Element Method is a well-studied and well-understood method of solving partial differential equations. It's applicability to financial models formulated as PDEs is demonstrated. It's advantage concerning the computation of accurate `Greeks' is delineated. This is demonstrated with...

Options on two underlyings are a common exotic product in the equity and FX derivatives market. The value of these kinds of options depends on the correlation of the two underlyings. We will present a model to compute a lower bound for the price of this option. The model, represented by a...

An approximation approach to Constant Maturity Swaps (CMS) pricing in the separable one-factor Gaussian LLM and HJM models is presented. The approximation used is a Taylor expansion on the swap rate as a function of a random variable which is intuitively similar to a (short) rate. This approach...

A simple exotic option (floor on rolled deposit) is studied in the shifted log-normal Libor Market (LMM) and Gaussian HJM models. The shifted log-normal LMM exhibits a controllable volatility skew. An explicit approach is used for both models. Using approximations the price in the LMM is...