Resumen:El objetivo de este artículo es identificar y definir una tipología y clasificación las principales de sistemas / esquemas de garantía. Esto es necesario porque lo habitual es encontrarse con evaluaciones, análisis y clasificaciones de sistemas/esquemas de garantía meramente...

The House of Lords judgment in Inntrepreneur v Crehan, where the court did not consider itself bound by a finding of the European Commission, demonstrated the potentially contentious and constitutionally significant nature of the relationship between the European Commission and national judges...

We analyse the professional community of attorneys in Russia in order to understand their potential for collective action in an imperfect institutional environment. In 2013 we conducted a survey of 372 attorneys in 9 regions of Russia. Two main hypotheses are tested: 1) lawyers with strong...

This paper assesses the impact that drug cartels and their associated violence have had on development in Mexico. For this purpose, we monitor official and media reports to identify where cartels have operated with and without drug related homicides. Using the difference-in-difference kernel...

A general rule of international trade arbitration is that all the parties have to prove their affirmations. Moreover, it is a consecrated right of the arbitral tribunal to ask for any other evidence in a determined period of time. The regulations referring to the administration of evidence...

The anonymity of Bitcoin prevents analysis of its users. We collect Google Trends data to examine determinants of interest in Bitcoin. Based on anecdotal evidence regarding Bitcoin users, we construct proxies for four possible clientele: computer programming enthusiasts, speculative investors,...

This chapter finds that there are a variety of concerning rules and procedures for patent application review and enforcement of patent rights in China that hamper patent quality. These range from inadequate review systems to requirements and practices that generally weaken the efficiency and...

Contrary to the Islamic laws considered as social standard governing the behavior of the Muslims, the facts relative to most of the Muslim countries show that the detention of a conventional bank account considered as illicit because it is generative of the rate of interest and savings is more...

Ever since becoming a member state of the European Union, Romania had to adapt its internal laws so that the citizens of other EU member states, or those of other entities for which this right is acknowledged by Law 17/2014, stateless persons residing in these states and legal persons...

The recent Italian Bankruptcy Reform (d.lgs. 9 gennaio 2006, n. 5) has been adopted to modify the old insolvency system, existing since 1942, in order to facilitate the resolution of firms' distress through the implementation of faster insolvency procedures and an increasing adoption of the...