Sethi and Thompson (1970) illustrated the applications of the maximum principle to solve simple dynamic cash balance problems. There we introduced the idea of penalty function to solve the cash balance problem with bounded state variables arising out of disallowing overdrafts and short selling....

It is widely believed that call options induce risk-taking behavior. However, Ross (2003) challenges this intuition by demonstrating the impossibility of inducing managers with arbitrary preferences to always act as if less risk averse. If preferences and price distributions are unknown,...

This paper presents an axiomatization of residual income, aka excess profit, and illustrates how it may univocally engenders fixed-income or variable-income assets. In the first part it is shown that, depending on the relations between excess profit and the investor's excess wealth, a...

A comparison of and the relationship between the Ito and Stratonovich formulations of stochastic integration is given. It is argued that generally the Ito formulation is appropriate for problems of finance and economics. The Black-Scholes option pricing problem is discussed in both frameworks...

This paper presents an axiomatization of residual income, aka excess profit, and illustrates how it may univocally engenders fixed-income or variable-income assets. In the first part it is shown that, depending on the relations between excess profit and the investor's excess wealth, a...

Counterfactual conditionals are cognitive tools that we incessantly use during our lives for judgments, evaluations, decisions. Counterfactuals are used for defining concepts as well; an instance of this is attested by the notions of opportunity cost and excess profit, two all-pervasive notions...

The emergence and development of new technologies, in which information and knowledge play a crucial role, the transition from industrial economy to modern society and then to postmodern society have led to compression of time and space and to the intensification of economic, social and politic...

In the context of present day economy characterized by continuous change, enterprises are forced to make a series of modernizations in order to improve technology, to access various market niches, to satisfy clients’ demands. Consequently, enterprises invest annually substantial financial...

In the context of present day economy characterized by continuous change, enterprises are forced to make a series of modernizations in order to improve technology, to access various market niches, to satisfy clients’ demands. Consequently, enterprises invest annually substantial financial...