The aim of this work is to compare the German, Italian, Swedish and English law as to see the principal policies and regulatory cornerstones that will lead us to understand and comprehend the way in which Hedge Funds and their relationship with retail investors is developing. To attain our goal...

This paper presents new evidence on the role of macroeconomic and institutional factors in equity market development and on the sources of equity market growth. Using panel data on 33 countries, I find that development of financial intermediaries and trade openness are positively associated with...

Employing a new method of industry tests we examine investment bank governance. Most of the findings reject the view that banks are governed suboptimally over a sample period from 1990 through 2003. CEO pay is large and significantly sensitive to stock price performance, and stock price...

The purpose of this paper is to use the extreme value theory to analyze ten Asian stock markets, identifying which type of extreme value asymptotic distribution better fits historical extreme market events. Understanding the influence of extreme market events is of great importance for risk...

Ageing have prompted important changes in the structure of pension system with substantial differences across the most developed countries. Given that ageing populations are driving a growing need for private form of saving for retirement, the pension fund industry is like to exert an increasing...

The United States Agency for International Development (USAID) initiated a regional accounting certification program in the Russian language several years ago. It started in Central Asia and spread to Ukraine and a few other former Soviet republics several years later. Headquarters for the...

Accounting certification in the former Soviet republics lacks credibility. Accountants are not familiar with International Financial Reporting Standards or International Standards on Auditing. Certifications can be bought. Audit opinions can be sold. Financial statements that are auditing by...

Since the collapse of the Soviet Union each of the former Soviet republics has started the process of moving away from central planning and toward a market economy. Part of that process involves private sector institution building. One private sector institution that has generally experienced a...

Passage of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 followed hard on the collapses of Enron and WorldCom. Waste makes haste. It was legislation drafted in anger. Five years later, and after three official reports, US government agencies and financial market participants worry that the New York may have...

Investor protection matters for the cost of equity because it affects the redistribution of wealth from investors to other agents in the economy. This wealth redistribution shifts systematic risk to investors, which can not be eliminated by portfolio diversification or risk sharing through...