We present evidence that some firms pursue M&A activity with the objective of obtaining a larger workforce. Firms most likely to be acquired for their large labor force, firms with the largest ex ante employment, are associated with more positive post-merger employment outcomes. Moreover, we...

We present evidence that young employees are an important ingredient in the creation and growth of firms. Our results suggest that young employees possess attributes or skills, such as willingness to take risk or innovativeness, which make them relatively more valuable in young, high growth,...

Young firms disproportionately employ and hire young workers. On average, young employees in young firms earn higher wages than young employees in older firms. Young employees disproportionately join young firms with greater innovation potential and that exhibit higher growth, conditional on...

Young firms disproportionately employ young workers, controlling for firm size, industry, geography and time. The same positive correlation between young firms and young employees holds when we look just at new hires. On average, young employees in young firms earn higher wages than young...

Using a database that covers all transactions that involve a developed-market acquirer and an emerging-market target from 1988-2002, this paper studies the stock market's reaction to acquisition announcements in emerging markets. The evidence suggests that the stock market anticipates...

Minority acquisitions, involving less than 50% of the target, represent a distinct organizational choice. With a minority acquisition, the target can mitigate some of the incentive problems that arise in contractual relationships. Less is known, however, about the trade-off between minority...

How employee share ownership plans (ESOPs) affect employee compensation and shareholder value depends on the size. Small ESOPs, defined as those controlling less than 5% of outstanding shares, benefit both workers and shareholders, implying positive productivity gains. However, the effects of...

In stark contrast to the findings based on domestic Mamp;A transactions, we find that the developed-market acquirers experience positive and significant announcement returns in transactions that involve an emerging-market target. On average, over the 1988-2003 period, developed-market acquirer...

Using a database that covers all transactions that involve a developed-market acquirer and an emerging-market target from 1988-2002, this paper studies the stock market's reaction to acquisition announcements in emerging markets. The evidence suggests that the stock market anticipates...

Hedge funds have become important investors in public companies raising equity privately. Hedge funds tend to finance companies that have poor fundamentals and pronounced information asymmetries. To compensate for these shortcomings, hedge funds protect themselves by requiring substantial...