Cap and trade programs impose limits on industry emissions but offer individual firms the flexibility to choose among different operational levers toward compliance, including inputs, process changes, and the use of allowances to account for emissions. In this paper, we examine the relationships...

Firms use formal contracts as governance devices to manage their inter-organizational relationships. We examine 52 such contracts written for Information Technology (IT) services to investigate whether they possess properties as suggested by contract theory. We combine constructs from...

Measures to extend the economic lives of products--such as remanufacturing carried out by <i>closed-loop supply chains</i>--are receiving increased attention because of various economic and regulatory factors. In this paper, we examine drivers of price differentials between new and remanufactured...