responsibility (CSR) activities, affects firm performance during the 2008-2009 financial crisis. We find that high-CSR firms have … crisis-period stock returns that are four to five percentage points higher than low-CSR firms, all else equal. In contrast …, we find no difference in returns between high- and low-CSR firms either before or after the crisis. During the crisis …

Purpose – To develop a model that bridges the gap between CSR definitions and strategy and offers guidance to managers … they refer to as the 3C-SR model. Findings – The 3C-SR model can offer practical guidelines to managers on how to connect … fail to provide managers with the conceptual resources to move from “ought” to “how”. Originality/value – The 3C-SR model …