The execution and outcome of credit rating policies of banks are highly relevant to banks' decisions in investments, loans, and their measurement of default risks. They also have impacts on capital flows and utilisation of corporate borrowers. Therefore, it is essential to establish a...

This paper proposes a four-regime bivariate Markov regime-switching model to estimate the daily time-varying minimum variance hedge ratios for West Texas Intermediate (WTI) crude oil, and evaluates its in- and out-of-sample hedging performances with two-regime model, CC-GARCH, TVC-GARCH, and OLS...