This paper explores the recent evolution of manufacturing-related policies in leading OECD economies—Germany, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States. A novel framework, the industrial policy matrix, is introduced and then used to illustrate and compare policy approaches in terms of...

Few ideas have been so celebrated or been capable of generating such high and broad worldwide expectations like microfinance. The aim of this essay is to critically sketch the current mainstream microfinance movement and to shed light on its broken promises and emerging contradictions. The paper...

Production and learning of productive knowledge are profoundly intertwined processes as the activation of either process triggers the other, very often implying interdependent transformations. The paper aims to open the ‘production black box’ by proposing the analytical map of production as...

The problem of financial inclusion represents a strategic opportunity for bank innovation.The success of microfinance in providing an answer, both operationally efficient and effective depends on the specific technology of microcredit available – i.e. the set of methodologies, criteria,...