We extend our prior work on how both supply (including the emergence of OTC equity derivatives and growth in share lending) and demand (including the growth of hedge funds) factors now facilitate the large-scale, low-cost decoupling of shareholder voting rights from shareholder economic...

Capital-assets ratio (CAR) of banks is uniquely determined by the ROA/ROE ratio. This is validated from a study of US banks for the period, 1935-2004. ROE was negatively related to CAR before introduction of capital regulation in US banks but the relationship has turned positive during...

There is a deep-rooted mistrust that left to them; banks will default on depositors' payment and lending commitment, which will create panic leading to runs that may damage the socio-economic fabric of a society. Hence, banks are kept under strict regulation; the latest plank in the regulatory...

This is a summary, practitioner-oriented article which summarizes our research on debt and hybrid decoupling. Equity decoupling refers to the unbundling of the rights and obligations normally associated with shares. Debt decoupling refers to the unbundling of the economic and governance rights...

Most U.S. public companies have a single class of voting common shares: voting power is proportional to economic ownership. Linking votes to shares is often thought to be desirable, because, as residual claimants, shareholders have an incentive to exercise voting power well. The linkage also...

The paper discusses the limits to market-based risk transfer in the financial system and the implications for the management of systemic long-term financial risks. Financial instruments or markets to transfer and better manage these risks across institutions and sectors are, as yet, either...

Policy risk, and not information asymmetry, explains the cross-sectional underpricing of privatized initial public offerings. The issuer governments of high policy-risk issues tend to retain a large equity stake and underprice more, with underpricing increasing in retained equity. While the...

The paper contrasts deposit protection with other forms of insurance, examines why goods and services of all kinds receive warranties and guarantees, and explores the particular characteristics of deposits and banks that merit deposit insurance. It examines a variety of reasons why countries...

Ascertaining which enforcement mechanisms work to protect investors has been both a focus of recent work in academic finance and an issue for policy-making at international development agencies. According to recent academic work, private enforcement of investor protection via both disclosure and...