This study analyzes the effects of financialization and competition on productive models in major pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical companies and discusses current theses, which may help explain the transformation of productive models occurring under growing pressure from institutional...

This article presents a sympathetic but critical examination of institutional ecological economics (IEE)—a heterodox body of work on environmental governance—as developed (separately) by J. Paavola and A. Vatn. We highlight the theoretical limitations of IEE related to two issues: the causes...