This paper constructs a model of anticompetitive exclusive dealings with potential downstream competition. Unlike in previous studies, the incumbent can establish a direct retailer with some fixed payment and can offer an exclusive contract to a downstream buyer twice. We show that the existence...

This paper is a case study of a Japanese merger control in the airline industry. The objective is to investigate the underlying principles of the Fair Trade Commission of Japan (JFTC) through a domestic merger on airlines, where reports are available. From applying a checklist arranged by...

This article surveys the use of economic analysis in Japanese antimonopoly cases in comparison with the use of circumstantial evidence in criminal code cases. It introduces the economic thinking to be applied in uncovering secret collusive schemes, especially in proving the exchange of information.

This paper analyzes platforms and rejections in two-sided markets with network externalities, using the specific context of a payment card association. We study the cooperative antitrust determination of the interchange fee by member banks. We use a framework in which banks and merchants may...

This article examines the rules for misleading representation with an experimental approach using Internet questionnaire data from a recent research article. The findings indicate that consumers who have been closely associated with the goods or who fully intend to purchase the goods are highly...

This paper examines detected bid rigging mechanisms based on the decisions of the Japan Fair Trade Commission (JFTC) from April 1996 to December 2005. We first develop some indicators that represent important characteristics of the ring mechanism from a theoretical and empirical point of view....