This paper addresses the effects of the European Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) since the introduction of the euro on economic and financial structures, institutions and performance. What type of changes is the euro fostering? What forces is it setting in motion that were not there before?...

This paper surveys the optimum currency area (OCA) literature. It is organised into four phases: the quot;pioneering phasequot; which put forward the OCA theory and its properties, the quot;reconciliation phasequot; when its diverse facets were combined, the quot;reassessment phasequot; that led...

The start of the European Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) has spurred a new interest in the debate on the effects of monetary unions on regional economic integration. This literature either investigates past episodes of monetary unions or attempts to gauge any effect with a few years of EMU...

This paper examines the various stages of the sovereign debt crisis of the euro area, the ensuing re-segmentation of several financial market segments and the disruptions in the transmission of monetary policy impulses. The paper provides the first systematic attempt to describe the European...

Our understanding of optimum currency area (OCA) properties has changed over time. While all properties can now be discussed in detail, the challenge of weighing and reconciling them remains. Looking ahead, we may be confronted with two distinct paradigms: specialization versus 'endogeneity of...

La Revista Integración & Comercio del BID incluye artículos referidos a las distintas manifestaciones del proceso de integración en América Latina y el Caribe, a la integración hemisférica y, también, a los procesos con igual orientación que se llevan a cabo en otras partes del mundo....