type="main" <title type="main">ABSTRACT</title> <p>Governments often subsidize poorer groups in society to ensure their access to new drugs. We analyse the optimal income-based price subsidies in a strategic environment. We show that universal access is less likely to arise when price arbitrage prevents international price...</p>

This paper examines the optimality of environmental standards that are often observed to be imposed by the importing North on exporting South. In the context of goods differentiated in terms of environmental quality and the degree of consumption pollution they generate, consumers'...

This graduate textbook offers advanced and contemporary readings in international trade and economic development and provides an overview of the fundamental topics in this area. It brings together many of the issues that are considered staple reading for a course in trade and development and it...

In this paper, we take into account that different types of pollutants (both local pollutants like SPM and global pollutants like CO2) are generated during a production process. We consider a two-country framework with one firm in each country and strategic interaction between them A dirty good...

The steady decline of trade barriers accompanying the wave of globalization over the last two decades has boosted production as well as income generation. This spiralling growth-production-trade relationship is continuously putting pressure on environmental resources, making pollution abatement...

Over the last three decades, there has been a greater interdependence between economies than ever before due to fragmentation and outsourcing of production processes, increasing mobility of people, international capital flows, and flexible exchange rate regimes. International Economics initiates...

We present a policy game where a Rich country has a higher ability than a Poor country to commit to certain elements of health policy such as providing income related price subsidies and allowing parallel imports (PI). When allowing PI is not a choice for the Poor country, the Rich country...

This paper examines the effects of conversion of one type of physical trade restrictions into another on the intra-country wage inequality in a standard 2×2×2 Heckscher–Ohlin–Samuelson model. It shows that a conversion of an import-quota into an equivalent voluntary export restraint raises...

We consider a policy game between a high-income country hosting a drug innovator and a low-income country hosting a drug imitator. The low-income country chooses whether to enforce an International Patent Regime (strict IPR) or not (weak IPR) and the high-income country chooses whether to allow...

Through the process of globalization, trade dependence and interdependence of the developing countries have increased phenomenally than ever before. The characteristic of this late twentieth-century globalization process has been the new technological revolution that has led to a high rate of...