Formal economic analysis of trade agreements typically treats disputes as synonymous with concerns about enforcement. But in reality, most WTO disputes involve disagreements of interpretation concerning the agreement, or instances where the agreement is simply silent. And some have suggested...

ABSTRACT On 1 January 1995, the Understanding on Rules and Procedures Governing the Settlement of Disputes (Dispute Settlement Understanding; DSU) entered into force. Since 1998, negotiations to review and reform the DSU have taken place (DSU review), however without yielding any result so far....

Disputes occurring in PPP projects pervade three interfacing levels of agreements: internal, downstream, and peripheral. PPP disputes have been free from arbitral dispute resolution and their legal environment is uncertain and deregulated. While project partners appear to have a natural monopoly...

Experience with existing multilateral environmental agreements (MEAs) shows that trade measures agreed to within the MEAs themselves may not necessarily lead to a dispute between parties. On the contrary, there is a great chance that disputes may arise from national measures undertaken to fulfil...

The entrance of our country in Europen Union determined modifications in the romanian fiscal system, this one must to adapt to community demands/wants. Taking into account the fact that commercial transactions made in community space are not included in the international transactions category,...

Section I distinguishes custom from authority in the context of an examination of the spontaneous evolution of customary commercial law in early medieval Europe, a period when authority had virtually no influence. Since then, however , the evolution of commercial law has generally invlved an...

Lex Mercatoria, the Law Merchant, generally refers to the custiomary law governing European commercial interactions during the medieval period. Despite its customary nature, however, the Law Merchant constituted a true system of law in the sense defined by Hart (1961), as there were well known...

The subject of the article is an analysis of the rules of state aid admissibility on the basis of the implementing regulations, adopted by the European Commission in 2004 and 2014 on rescue and restructuring aid. This should lead to verify the thesis that due to the taken up at EU level - in...

Many specialists in international trade have started saying that the era of a mega FTA is approaching. If the three poles of the global economy, namely East Asia, EU and the United States, form mega FTAs, most of the volume of global trade will be covered. That may be fine, but there will be...

This chapter provides a detailed analysis of the economic, legal and public policy rationales for the application of taxes and other fiscal measures on health-related commodities. The motivation for such taxes has been more often linked to the fiscal revenues generated than to their potential...