The objective of this paper is to situate the MENA area within the emerging markets universe. We first discuss the various components of market emergence and generate four bootstrapped indexes reflecting market size, market activity, market pricing and transparency. We then draw inter-regional...

Tax sparing occurs when a country with a worldwide tax system grants its citizens foreign tax credits for the taxes that they would have paid on income earned abroad, but that escapes taxation by virtue of foreign tax incentives. The supporters of tax sparing argue that it is a form of foreign...

The confirmative determination on the specificity of China's Investment-Inducing Policy - the quot;Two Free/Three Halfquot; program raises several technical questions about how to clarify the specific requirement provided by the U.S. CVD law and the WTO SCM agreement. The determination also has...

This paper uses a dynamic dominant-firm model with an endogenous merger process to examine the effects of trade liberalization on industry structure. Domestic and cross-border mergers and demergers are allowed for. When firms are myopic and the dominant firm has a sufficiently high pre-merger...

Recent evidence shows that developing countries and transition economies are increasingly privatising their public firms and at the same time experiencing rapid growth of inward foreign direct investment (FDI). In an international mixed oligopoly, we analyse the interaction between privatisation...

Since taking office the Administration of George W. Bush has pursued a trade policy known as Competitive Liberalization. This policy envisages a series of mutually-reinforcing steps to open markets abroad to U.S. companies, to strengthen market-oriented laws and regulations overseas, and to...

This paper examines whether protectionist policies on the part of the government leads to increased corruption on part of the bureaucracy. A one-sector small open economy model is presented where corruption is shown to be increasing in tariffs and subsidies. Using multiple measures of corruption...

Ecuador and Bolivia have proved resilient to the establishment and the adoption of Competition Laws. Despite several drafts have been discussed in the last few years, to date no competition rules have been enacted.Notwithstanding, both are members of the Andean Community which have recently...

For most Latin American countries, transport costs are a greater barrier to U.S. markets than import tariffs. In investigating the determinants of shipping costs to the U.S. with a large database of more than 300,000 observations per year on shipments of products from different ports around the...