Raw biogas is a valuable renewable energy but usually requires upgrading. The mixed LED (light-emitting diode) light wavelengths achieved much better microalgae growth than that of the monochromatic. The best LED light wavelength mix ratio for both biogas upgrading and biogas slurry nutrient...

Chlorella sp. is a microalga that could be utilized effectively in the simultaneous biogas upgrade and biogas fluid nutrient removal. Mixed light-emitting diode (LED) light wavelength treatments (red:blue=1:9, 3:7, 5:5, 7:3, and 9:1) were more appropriate for microalgal growth than monochrome...

Recent and ongoing literature strongly implies the existence of a significant and robust impact of trade openness (liberalisation) and globalisation on unemployment, particularly in developed economies. This paper empirically investigates the impacts of four different measures of trade openness...

This study attempts to estimate disaggregated import demand functions for Turkey, for the period from 1989 to 2012 in quarterly data set. In this context, we examine short-run and long-run disaggregated import demand functions for capital goods, intermediate inputs and consumption goods by using...

In this study, we employ that panel unit root tests can be arranged in groups by cross-section dependence or independence, heterogeneous or homogenous unit roots to examine the validity of the purchasing power parity (PPP) hypothesis in Turkey, among trading partners. Using monthly observations...

This paper analyzes the impact of volatility in the world energy price on aggregate economic activity in an unbalanced panel data framework for 10 developing Asian countries: Bangladesh, PR China, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Pakistan, the Philippines, Thailand, Turkey and Vietnam. We use both...

In this paper, we employ some front page panel unit root tests to examine the validity of the purchasing power parity hypothesis in Turkey. Using monthly observations panel data of nine major county’s currency dates January 2003 through April 2010, we find that panel unit root tests are not...

Following the liberalization of financial markets, Goldstein and Razin (2006) show that there is an information based trade-off between foreign direct investment and foreign portfolio investment, our paper examines the causality relations between foreign direct investment and volatility of...