The current extensive literature on the home-country employment effect of FDI focuses almost exclusively on the case of investments from high-income and high labour cost home countries. In our paper we analyse the home-country employment effect in Estonia as a lowcost medium-income transition...

The emerging literature on the characteristics of innovation processes in the service sector has paid relatively little attention to the links between innovation and productivity. In this paper we investigate how the innovation-productivity relationship differs across various subbranches of the...

The current extensive literature on the home-country employment effect of foreign direct investment (FDI) focuses almost exclusively on investments from high-income and high labor-cost home countries. Our paper analyzes the home-country employment effect in Estonia as a low-cost, medium-income...

Most of the empirical studies on the micro-level effects of exporting on productivity pay little attention to the potentially heterogeneous effects of the different modes of export market entry. We study how productivity of firms is affected by export entry simultaneously into several markets or...

The aim of this paper is to study the effects of both inward and outward foreign direct investment (FDI) on productivity. The main novelty is the analysis of the spillover effects of outward FDI that may occur outside the investing firms on the rest of the home country. The effects are addressed...