In this paper, we consider interaction between spot and forward trading under demand and cost uncertainties, deriving the equilibrium of the multi-player dynamic games. The stochastic programming and worst-case analysis models based on discrete scenarios are developed to analyze the impact of...

The study meant to explore the external and internal factors which influence firm’s profitability i.e. “Firm and Industry Effects on Firm Profitability”. In this research ROA and ROE has taken as profitability measure and their dependency has checked with firm effect, industry effect and...