Long-term growth in developing countries has been explained in four frameworks: ‘extractive colonial institutions … the disease environment on African long-term growth runs through a human capital channel rather than an extractive-institutions …, contra Acemoglu et al., (2001). Further, we find that instrumented human capital explains long-term growth better, and shows …

causes democracy. Existing studies establish a strong cross-country correlation between income and democracy, but do not … country fixed effects removes the statistical association between income per capita and various measures of democracy. We also … on democracy. Furthermore, we reconcile the positive cross-country correlation between income and democracy with the …

democracy disappears once including country fixed effects. This paper tests the hypothesis that the effect of income on … democracy might differ systematically across countries. A replication of the estimation in a less restrictive empirical … framework provides evidence for significant but heterogeneous effects of income on democracy for former colonies and non …

democracy disappears once including country fixed effects. This paper tests the hypothesis that the effect of income on … democracy might differ systematically across countries. A replication of the estimation in a less restrictive empirical … framework provides evidence for significant but heterogeneous effects of income on democracy for former colonies and non …

capita income causes the creation and the consolidation of democracy. We argue that existing studies find support for this … affect both the level of income per capita and the likelihood of democracy in a country, and failing to control for these … factors may introduce a spurious relationship between income and democracy. We show that controlling for these historical …

Recent research shows that the majority of cross-national variation in institutions is related to history. The within … variation however is somewhat less explored. We find that the within variation in economic institutions can be explained by …

In this paper we revisit the relationship between institutions, human capital and development. We argue that empirical … models that treat institutions and human capital as exogenous are misspecified both because of the usual omitted variable … focus on historically-determined differences in human capital and control for the effect of institutions, the impact of …