This Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper for Nigeria highlights the National Economic Empowerment and Development Strategy (NEEDS). NEEDS gives special support to agriculture, industry, small and medium-scale enterprises, and oil and gas. Under the plan, the government will seek long-term capital...

This paper presents an overview of recent U.S. fiscal developments and discusses possible implications of the sharp turn around in the government’s fiscal position. Against this back ground, it also reviews key policy challenges that will need to be addressed to cope with the mounting...

This paper discusses structure, impact, costs, and efficiency of renewable energy supply in the eight largest advanced economies (the G-7 plus Spain), with focus on Germany. Renewables production costs are compared to benefits, defined as reductions in net carbon emissions; technological...

Im Zuge der sukzessiven Verknappung des Erdöls als Energierohstoff durch sinkende Fördermengen und steigende Nachfrage in Schwellenländern - dazu der drohende Klimawandel - findet bei Stadt- und Raumplanung eine verstärkte Auseinandersetzung mit dem Thema der post-fossilen Lebensweise statt....

The relationships between energy, the environment, and development are deep and complex. The International Energy Agency has noted that energy is deeply implicated in each of the economic, social and environmental dimensions of human development. Energy services provide an essential input to...

The Danish “Klima 2020” plan sets an ambitious target for the complete phasing-out of fossil fuels by 2050. The Danish energy sector currently accounts for 40% of national CO2 emissions. Based on an extended Farrell input distance function that accounts for CO2 as an undesirable output, we...

The price of hydroelectricity in Cameroon has recently sky-rocketed. At the same time, firewood in remote areas is being depleted without being replenished. This has led to a number of challenges; energy is no longer affordable and environmental impacts from the wanton exploitation of firewood...