In this paper, we endeavour to determine the volume of euro banknotes issued by Germany that is in circulation outside … Germany. In so doing, we draw a distinction between banknotes outstanding in non-euro-area countries and those that are in … surveys (direct approaches). The observation period runs from 2002 to 2009. We discover that German euro banknotes to a total …

In this paper, we endeavour to determine the volume of euro banknotes issued by Germany that is in circulation outside … Germany. In so doing, we draw a distinction between banknotes outstanding in non-euro-area countries and those that are in … circulation in other euro-area countries. The analysis is based on approaches that estimate the volume of banknotes in circulation …

In this paper, we endeavour to determine the volume of euro banknotes issued by Germany that is in circulation outside … Germany. In so doing, we draw a distinction between banknotes outstanding in non-euro-area countries and those that are in … circulation in other euro-area countries. The analysis is based on approaches that estimate the volume of banknotes in circulation …

In this paper, we endeavour to determine the volume of euro banknotes issued by Germany that is in circulation outside … Germany. In so doing, we draw a distinction between banknotes outstanding in non-euro-area countries and those that are in … surveys (direct approaches). The observation period runs from 2002 to 2009. We discover that German euro banknotes to a total …

In this paper, we analyse the volume of euro banknotes issued by Germany within the euro area with several seasonal … transactions in Germany. The rest is hoarded (10%), circulates in other euro area countries (25%) or is held outside the euro area …

In this paper, we analyze the volume of euro banknotes issued by Germany within the euro area with several seasonal … transactions in Germany. The rest is hoarded (10%), circulates in other euro area countries (25%) or is held outside the euro area …

. Due to the inadequate data availability, the cash balance held for domestic transactions by sector cannot be fully … €2 coins. Only in the case of €2 coins has the cash stock held for transaction purposes made a significant contribution … method of determining the demand for this denomination. Given the overall weakness in the growth of the cash held for …

recorded, our estimates of cash payments can be used to estimate the total volume of transactions (MV) from the payment side of … estimates of the annual volume of cash payments. Since the volume of check payments (debits to checkable accounts) is regularly … currency” and “missing payments”. The estimated volume of cash payments is so high when compared to personal consumption …

the demand for cash and demand deposits. Thus consumers use cash for small transactions, demand deposits for larger …Consumers make transactions of different sizes over time. This paper shows that this fact, together with transaction … purchase different sizes of transactions. This can explain the demand for money itself, the precautionary demand for money, and …

charged to the merchants, who may be reluctant to accept cards and induce the cardholder to withdraw cash. In this paper, we … empirically verify for the first time the effect of the interchange fee on the decision to withdraw cash and compare it with that … there is a positive correlation between the cash usage and the level of the interchange fees. Accordingly, regulation of the …