The changes of the European regulatory space propose new questions concerning the identity and the liability of regulators. The increasing use of self-regulation, co-regulation and delegated self-regulation in different fields have empowered private regulators. They have been playing an...

The aim of the paper, based on empirical research in Brazil, is to investigate how supply chains have evolved over time, what factors have driven this evolution and also how a specific set of contractual practices along these chains is linked to access to international markets. The two selected...

This essay deals with product safety and liability, looking in particular at the interaction between regulation, contract and civil liability. Risk definition, assessment and management in product safety has changed in the last 20 years, and a well recognised role is played by private actors...

In the consumer society, as it stands today in Western-type democracies, consumers have a far larger choice of products and services originating from all over the world than they did decades ago. Risks associated with products and services have also increased, as have mass problems and mass...

In this paper, I address the issue of contractual networks in the European context. The term contractual networks encompasses both multilateral contracts and networks of linked bilateral contracts. Contractual networks are hybrid forms of organisation located between markets and hierarchies....

The paper describes the necessity to consider the role of private rule making and the increasing importance of national regulatory agencies, in the process of European legal integration. It then focuses on the legislative design and process implementation of EPL. Its departing assumption is that...

The paper analyses the relationship between administrative and judicial enforcement in Consumer Protection. It first sets out the European state of development with regard to injunctions, thereby focusing on the different models of the European group actions and the regulation of standing, as...

The European regulatory space is changing. The role of private regulation is increasing more as a complement of public regulation than as an alternative to it. The emergence of new regulatory models coordinating public and private regulators has characterized the last decade. They reflect the...

This paper addresses self-regulation as a complementary means to harmonize and regulate European Contract Law. In the context of the paper SR is conceived as a complementary device to legislation and as a monitoring device to verify ECL implementation. Within self-regulation different players...