Globalization and increased competition are forcing companies to review and improve their production processes to be more sustainable. However, a clear vision and environmental culture are lacking because, even today, companies are motivated to act to improve the environment essentially by...

Financial development has a major role in the sustainable economic growth of Central and Eastern European emerging countries, particularly after their political and structural changes. These changes required a reform of financial sectors of these countries, such as capital market development,...

This paper considers the influence of uncertainty with respect to GDP and population total and age structure on long-run environmental impact projections. A simple model, based on the stochastic version of the IPAT equation, is used to generate projections of two environmental impacts for which...

This paper presents an overview of recent U.S. fiscal developments and discusses possible implications of the sharp turn around in the government’s fiscal position. Against this back ground, it also reviews key policy challenges that will need to be addressed to cope with the mounting...

This paper aims at empirically investigating the direction of causality among trade liberalization, financial development, and economic growth in Turkey. By employing monthly data for the period January, 1989- November, 2007, both linear and nonlinear causality approaches indicate that (i) there...

The relationship of economic growth with financial development and trade openness is analyzed with annual time-series data for Bolivia during the 1940-2010 period. The analysis is an advance over previous work in several ways. First, the hypothesis of a long-run relationship between these...

This paper examines the causal relationship between financial development and economic growth for 21 African countries within a framework which also accounts for international trade. We develop a financial development index based on four different financial development indicators and apply the...

The dynamic impact of financial development and trade openness on economic growth is examined for five major South Asia countries over the period 1985-2010 in the panel co-integration and causality framework. The results reveal the existence of long-run relationship between economic growth,...

This contribution investigates the causal interactions between financial development, trade openness and economic growth in a panel of 3 countries of North Africa (Tunisia, Morocco, and Egypt) over the period 1980-2012. Using system Generalized Method of Moment (GMM) panel data analysis, we find...