Purpose – Recognizing the significant impact of guanxi (the Chinese network of reciprocal business relations) and its influence on everyday dealings in China is important for Western firms. Researchers argue that social capital has limits and is not a commodity that has a place in China...

In 2011, China continues to be the world’s largest recipient of direct foreign investment—which in 2010 totaled US$105 billion. China is also the world’s second largest economy after the U.S. Once a staunchly Communist state, China now advocates a “social market...

Purpose: Successfully entering foreign markets is a major issue in the field of international business. Cultural ignorance increases uncertainty that hinders a firm's international performance. Research has shown that the impact of cultural differences is one of the biggest obstacles to entering...

Uncertainty and complexity are fundamental to innovation and decision making, especially in global high technology industries. Entrepreneurs interact with venture capitalists through the entrepreneurs’ communication and learning about the potential of new business venture. We believe that...

This conceptual paper deals with important implications of ‘reciprocity’ in marketing in emerging and developing business environments, such as Eastern Europe. In mature, developed, high income, business systems, both transaction and relationship based marketing have been well researched. We...