paper studies how differences in school quality affect the returns to education of urban and rural residents in China using … their Hukou status at age 12, a critical age when basic education is completed. We find that after controlling for family … background, the gap in returns to education between urban and rural residents increases over the schooling stages; the gaps are …

inclined to write textbooks after scrutinizing the cost and benefits of writing writing for education. Consequently, we witness … textbook quality and promote higher standards in college education …