The most present articles adopted the output-oriented Malmquist productivity index (OM) for estimating the production … efficiency and productivity of Bank. Based on the method of Yang and Lee (2009), the research provides the new way to discuss …

Korea. It contributes positively to export growth in Malaysia and the Philippines, leading to positive net effects. The risk … zero net effect in Indonesia. Korea has no significant exchange rate risk estimates and an insignificant net effect. While …