We observe that the period between Cold War era and the event of 911, variation in foreign military threats leads to variation in defense resources and fluctuations in the labor market. Using an intertemporal optimization dynamic model, this paper explores the impacts of foreign military threats...

In this paper, in order to study the strategic interactions between “cooperation”, “defection” and “altruistic punishment”, a mutation-selection dynamics, with the Prisoner's Dilemma as the background, has been established on an embedded Markov chain, proved the following...

In this paper, in order to study the strategic interactions between “cooperation”, “defection” and “altruistic punishment”, a mutation-selection dynamic, with the Prisoner's Dilemma as the background, has been established on an embedded Markov chain, proved the following conclusions:...

English Abstract: The author proposes a new type of asset-backed security, called Exchange Traded Pieced Loan (ETPL), designed to address a variety of major issues for savers, lenders, borrowers, authorities and other stakeholders in China's markets for investment and credit. An ETPL's...