substitutability of foreign currency for domestic currency as a medium of exchange. According to the spirit of Chen et al. (1981 … (1) no matter what degree of substitutability of foreign currency for domestic currency, the collapse timing of the … exchange rate regime is earlier than the natural collapse timing, and (2) the collapse timing depends on the degree of currency …

context. In China, starting in the 1980s, special economic zones were used as a testing ground for the country's transition … from a planned to a market economy, and they are a prime example of China's pragmatic and experimental approach to reforms …. One of the great special economic zone success stories in China is the Suzhou Industrial Park, a modern industrial …

model and recent practices of The People's Bank of China, we also present the New Macro-Financial Policy Framework (New MFPF …

reviewed in this paper include: exchange rate dynamics, policy pre-announcement, first-generation currency crises …, intertemporal optimizing model, exchange rate target zones, second-generation currency crises, open economy endogenous growth, new …

China-US trade war and Russia's invasion of Ukraine, are further rattling the food market. As the world's largest consumer … of agricultural goods, China's trade strategies influence world markets, with ripple-down effects for consumers around … the world, particularly in the Global South. This policy brief aims at shedding light on China's current market actions …