The paper characterizes how international labor migration became an enduring feature in the country's development. It presents data on the flow of temporary and permanent international migrant workers in the last thirty years. Characteristics such as destination, occupation, education, sex, and...

The Philippine government plays an increasingly significant role in the provision of drugs and medicines. Over the last half decade, direct public procurement more than doubled from PHP 7.8 billion in 2014 to PHP 20.1 billion in 2019. In this study, we document government procurement practices...

Examining rationality of expenditures and analyzing welfare changes are interrelated because welfare change analysis is predicated on “rational” (i.e., expenditure-minimizing) responses to price and income changes. This study examined Philippine family demands for (1) electricity, (2) gas...