linked fields. Our analysis uses 1.8 million U.S. patents and their citation properties to map the innovation network and its … strength. Past innovation network structures are calculated using citation patterns across technology classes during 1975 … predictive power on future innovation after 1995. This pattern is consistent with the idea that when there is more past upstream …

), allows for causal interpretation of the relationship between innovation output and labor productivity. We find that knowledge … intensive services benefit from innovation activities in the sense that these activities causally increase their labor …