-enhancing reforms following Turkey's financial crisis in 2001, but then started moving in the opposite direction in the second half of … waning of the military's influence and the broadening of effective political participation. As Turkey-European Union … responsible for the lower-paced and lower-quality growth Turkey has been experiencing since about 2007 …

from country industry variation in the adoption of robots. Our model also implies that the productivity implications of … aging are ambiguous when technology responds to demographic change, but we should expect productivity to increase and labor …

these tasks are designed to be used by skilled workers, productivity in the LDCs will be low. Even when all countries have … factor productivity and output per worker. Our theory also suggests that productivity differences should be highest in medium … effect on the direction of technical change and on productivity differences …