oceanic trade. Moreover, Atlantic ports grew much faster than other West European cities, including Mediterranean ports …. Atlantic trade and colonialism affected Europe both directly and indirectly by inducing institutional changes. In particular …, the growth of New World, African and Asian trade after 1500 strengthened new segments of the commercial bourgeoisie and …

oceanic trade. Moreover, Atlantic ports grew much faster than other West European cities, including Mediterranean ports …. Atlantic trade and colonialism affected Europe both directly, and indirectly by inducing institutional changes. In particular …, the growth of New World, African, and Asian trade after 1500 strengthened new segments of the commercial bourgeoisie, and …