perquisites that yield private benefits). The privately optimal level of bank leverage is neither too low nor too high: It … balances efficiently the market discipline imposed by owners of risky debt on managerial rent seeking against the asset … substitution induced at high levels of leverage. However, when correlated bank failures can impose significant social costs …

. The model captures several other features prevalent in infrastructure financing such as government co-investment, tax …

effects of equal magnitude, EGARCH can also accommodate leverage, which is the negative correlation between returns shocks and …

effects of equal magnitude, and leverage, which refers to the negative correlation between the returns shocks and subsequent …

effects of equal magnitude, and leverage, which refers to the negative correlation between the returns shocks and subsequent …

on conditional volatility of positive and negative effects of equal magnitude, and leverage, which is the negative … between asymmetry and leverage, as well as which asymmetric models are purported to be able to capture leverage, the purpose … appropriate regularity conditions; and (2) to show that leverage is not possible in these univariate conditional volatility models. …

effects on conditional volatility of positive and negative effects of equal magnitude, and possibly also leverage, which is …) showed that asymmetry was possible for GJR, but not leverage. McAleer and Hafner showed that leverage was not possible for … is shown that, in practice, EGARCH always displays asymmetry, though not leverage. …

shocks, as well as symmetric, asymmetric and leverage effects. Three different Heterogeneous Auto Regressive (HAR) models …. Somewhat unusually, leverage effects are observed in EGARCH for Medical-type tourists, which shows a negative correlation … asymmetric impacts on volatility show that negative shocks have larger effects than do positive shocks. The leverage effect in …