period 1970-2007, for different EU and OECD country groupings. We use the panel-data approach of Kónya (2006), which is based … effective real exchange rate in the SUR system does not substantially alter the results. -- Panel causality tests ; budget …

specific panel unit root test to investigate the mean-reverting behaviour of general government expenditures and revenues … ratios. Secondly, we apply the bootstrap panel cointegration techniques that account for the time series and cross … and revenues via SUR analysis. While results imply that public finances were not unsustainable for the EU panel, fiscal …

conclude for the existence of panel cointegration between government revenues and expenditures; primary government balance and …

Using bootstrap panel analysis, allowing for cross-country correlation, without the need of pre-testing for unit roots …

, using quarterly data from1995 to2020. Through the use of panel Granger causality tests and a panel SUR model, we conclude …