Our study leverages detailed résumé data of bank regulators to examine the impact of their early-career experiences … independent supervision of these regulators translates into a more prudential credit decision and a lower bank risk during the … banks supervised by regulators with crisis experiences are more resilient. Our findings suggest that these bank regulators …

-1996); and (3) severe recession with credit crunch economy (1997-1999). Using bank balance sheet information of 78 Japanese banks …

supervisors to the same bank at exogenously fixed time intervals. Comparing federal and state regulator supervisory ratings within … the same bank, we find that federal regulators are systematically tougher, downgrading supervisory ratings almost twice as … consequences and likely proxies for delayed corrective actions—more lenient states have higher bank-failure rates, lower repayment …

million new bank account openings. About 77% of these accounts maintain a positive balance. While the initial usage remains …